Needs Assessment
Needs assessment is the first step in an iterative design cycle:
Needs Assessment
Needs Assessment
- Direct + Indirect Costs
Needs Assessment
Direct + Indirect Costs
Timeline + Labor
Work Analysis
What is the work of a chef?
Work Analysis
What is the work of a chef? (I thought I wanted to be a chef.)
Work Analysis
Work Analysis
Work Analysis
Discuss in groups...
Work Analysis
Work Analysis
- Job Analysis: systematic examination of what people do, how they do it, and what results they achieve by doing it
Work Analysis
Job Analysis: systematic examination of what people do, how they do it, and what results they achieve by doing it
- Clarifies work titles, responsibilities, activities, and entry qualifications
Work Analysis
- Task Analysis: intensive examination of how people perform work activities
Work Analysis
Task Analysis: intensive examination of how people perform work activities
- Clarifies competent performance; which activities might be simplified or improved; what workers must know, do, or feel to learn a specific activity, conditions needed for competent performance; minimum expectations (i.e., standards)
Work Analysis
- Content Analysis: examination of knowledge, skills, and attitudes to identify instructionally useful units (subject matter analysis)
Work Analysis
Content Analysis: examination of knowledge, skills, and attitudes to identify instructionally useful units (subject matter analysis)
- Clarifies which topics or ideas should be included or excluded in instruction as well as how to sequence topics in instruction
Why Work Analysis?
Why Work Analysis?
- Create or update position descriptions
Why Work Analysis?
Create or update position descriptions
Develop relevant and useful training
Why Work Analysis?
Create or update position descriptions
Develop relevant and useful training
Develop competency models
Job-Task Analysis
Job-Task Analysis
Traditional JTA
Job-Task Analysis
Traditional JTA
- Create task list
Job-Task Analysis
Traditional JTA
Create task list
Interview those performing the work or their supervisors
Job-Task Analysis
Traditional JTA
Create task list
Interview those performing the work or their supervisors
Create questionnaire
Job-Task Analysis
Traditional JTA
Create task list
Interview those performing the work or their supervisors
Create questionnaire
Administer survey to all subject matter experts (both workers and supervisors)
Job-Task Analysis
Traditional JTA
Create task list
Interview those performing the work or their supervisors
Create questionnaire
Administer survey to all subject matter experts (both workers and supervisors)
Analyze frequency, difficulty, importance, and consequences of the task
Job-Task Analysis
Tabletop (TTA)
Job-Task Analysis
Tabletop (TTA)
- Facilitator guides a small team of experts during round-robin (i.e., tabletop) discussions to obtain information about a particular job
Job-Task Analysis
Tabletop (TTA)
Facilitator guides a small team of experts during round-robin (i.e., tabletop) discussions to obtain information about a particular job
No prior task list
Job-Task Analysis
Tabletop (TTA)
Facilitator guides a small team of experts during round-robin (i.e., tabletop) discussions to obtain information about a particular job
No prior task list
The team brainstorms and selects tasks for training using a qualitative approach
Job-Task Analysis
Tabletop (TTA)
Facilitator guides a small team of experts during round-robin (i.e., tabletop) discussions to obtain information about a particular job
No prior task list
The team brainstorms and selects tasks for training using a qualitative approach
Sort into training categories based on frequency, difficulty, importance, and consequences
Job-Task Analysis
Hybrid JTA
Job-Task Analysis
Hybrid JTA
- Develop task list based on work-related materials
Job-Task Analysis
Hybrid JTA
Develop task list based on work-related materials
Workers and supervisors review and modify the task list during a facilitated roundtable discussion
Job-Task Analysis
Hybrid JTA
Develop task list based on work-related materials
Workers and supervisors review and modify the task list during a facilitated roundtable discussion
Participants come to consensus decisions on task ratings
Job-Task Analysis
Hybrid JTA
Develop task list based on work-related materials
Workers and supervisors review and modify the task list during a facilitated roundtable discussion
Participants come to consensus decisions on task ratings
If time permits, iterate the process: participants review the task list independently after the group consensus, potentially soliciting the opinion of other experts
Job-Task Analysis
Job-Task Analysis
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Process of Job-Task Analysis:
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Process of Job-Task Analysis:
- Stage 1: Establish the critical job-tasks (i.e. job- analysis)
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Process of Job-Task Analysis:
Stage 1: Establish the critical job-tasks (i.e. job- analysis)
Stage2: Determine the method of best practice for undertaking the critical job-tasks
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Process of Job-Task Analysis:
Stage 1: Establish the critical job-tasks (i.e. job- analysis)
Stage2: Determine the method of best practice for undertaking the critical job-tasks
- Stage 3: Agree the criteria-for, and acceptable minimum level of, job-task performance
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Process of Job-Task Analysis:
Stage 1: Establish the critical job-tasks (i.e. job- analysis)
Stage2: Determine the method of best practice for undertaking the critical job-tasks
Stage 3: Agree the criteria-for, and acceptable minimum level of, job-task performance
Stage 4: Determine the physical demands of the critical job-tasks
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Process of Job-Task Analysis:
Stage 1: Establish the critical job-tasks (i.e. job- analysis)
Stage2: Determine the method of best practice for undertaking the critical job-tasks
Stage 3: Agree the criteria-for, and acceptable minimum level of, job-task performance
Stage 4: Determine the physical demands of the critical job-tasks
Stage 5: Determine a reasonable maximum permissible relative workload
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Process of Job-Task Analysis:
Stage 1: Establish the critical job-tasks (i.e. job- analysis)
Stage2: Determine the method of best practice for undertaking the critical job-tasks
Stage 3: Agree the criteria-for, and acceptable minimum level of, job-task performance
Stage 4: Determine the physical demands of the critical job-tasks
Stage 5: Determine a reasonable maximum permissible relative workload
Stage 6: Production of a valid minimum occupational fitness standard
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Insights from the Job-Task Analysis for Emergency Services:
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Insights from the Job-Task Analysis for Emergency Services:
- Maintain robust and accessible information with which to describe their critical job-tasks
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Insights from the Job-Task Analysis for Emergency Services:
Maintain robust and accessible information with which to describe their critical job-tasks
Adopt a consistent approach (i.e. international standardization) to the development of performance standards which accurately reflect the combination of competencies required to safely and successfully conduct critical job-tasks
Identify Critical Job-Tasks
Insights from the Job-Task Analysis for Emergency Services:
Maintain robust and accessible information with which to describe their critical job-tasks
Adopt a consistent approach (i.e. international standardization) to the development of performance standards which accurately reflect the combination of competencies required to safely and successfully conduct critical job-tasks
Implement employment standards which incorporate the requirements of job-tasks that have been assessed to be critical to both present and likely future operational scenarios (e.g. informed by techniques such as wargaming).
Job Analysis Practice
Discuss in groups...
Describe your first job.
Task Analysis Practice
Discuss in groups...
Describe a task in the Innovation Hub.
Work Analysis Practice
What do you think your professors do?
Job analysis
Task analysis
Content analysis
ISD Analysis Toolbox
- Systems Analysis
- Performance Analysis
- Needs Assessment / Needs Analysis
- Training Requirements Analysis
- Root Cause Analysis
- Competency Assessment
- Learner Assessment
- Setting Analysis
- Developmental Setting Assessment
- Job Analysis
- Task Analysis
- Content (Subject Matter) Analysis
Semester Schedule
Module 1: Introduction to Instructional Systems Design
Module 2: Systems Analysis
Module 3: ISD & HPT
Module 4: Needs Assessment
Module 5: Work Analysis
Module 6: Design & Development
Module 7: Evaluation
Major Assignments
Assignments (70%)
Module 2 Assignment: Systems Analysis paper (150 points)
Module 3 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography 1 (50 points)
Module 4 Assignment: Needs Assessment paper (150 points)
Module 5 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography 2 (50 points)
Module 6 Assignment: Work Analysis paper (150 points)
Module 7 Assignment: ISD Process Model paper (150 points)
Major Assignments
Invitation: Approach the Module 5 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography 2 a bit differently
Major Assignments
Invitation: Approach the Module 5 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography 2 a bit differently
Start with an article that is a bit over your head to read, such as Frank et al. (2023)
Major Assignments
Invitation: Approach the Module 5 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography 2 a bit differently
Start with an article that is a bit over your head to read, such as Frank et al. (2023)
Use a little GenAI magic from Google's NotebookLM
Major Assignments
Invitation: Approach the Module 5 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography 2 a bit differently
Start with an article that is a bit over your head to read, such as Frank et al. (2023)
Use a little GenAI magic from Google's NotebookLM
Listen to the recording at konfound-it.org
Major Assignments
Invitation: Approach the Module 5 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography 2 a bit differently
Start with an article that is a bit over your head to read, such as Frank et al. (2023)
Use a little GenAI magic from Google's NotebookLM
Listen to the recording at konfound-it.org
Write your annotated bibliography as a reflection on what you found interesting from the NotebookLM summary.