class: left, bottom, title-slide .title[ # Making the Invisible Visible ] .subtitle[ ## Reframing How We See Educators’ Professional Activity ] .author[ ### Bret Staudt Willet & Dan He ] .date[ ### October 28, 2022 ] --- class: inverse, center, middle #
**View the slides:** [bretsw.com/aect22-invisible-labor](https://bretsw.com/aect22-invisible-labor) --- class: inverse, center, middle #
<br><br> Background --- #
Professional Development <img src="img/workshop.jpg" width="600px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- Working in education requires many skills and keeping up with rapid changes -- necessitating ongoing professional development --- #
Informal Learning <img src="img/digging.jpg" width="600px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> Educators often have to figure things out on their own -- through various means of informal learning --- class: inverse, center, middle #
<br><br> Is informal learning <br> invisible labor? --- #
Invisible Labor <img src="img/invisible.jpg" width="600px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- ### Definitions: -- - **Labor** is effort- or process-oriented understanding of professional activity. -- - **Invisibility** is the processes through which professional activities might be overlooked, ignored, or devalued. --- class: inverse, center, middle #
<br><br> Method --- #
Purpose <img src="img/articles.jpg" width="240px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> To understand educators' invisible labor, we searched 10 databases for: -- - Peer-reviewed academic journal articles -- - Written in English -- - Years **2011–2021** -- - **Keywords in Abstract:** and with at least one of the words education, teacher, educator, instructor, social media, professional development, professional learning, **or** informal learning -- - **Keywords in Full Text:** invisible work, invisible labor, digital labor, hidden work, hidden labor, shadow work, shadow labor, shared economy, gift economy, invisible economy, **or** hidden economy --- #
Systematic Literature Review <img src="img/fig1-PRISMA-flow-chart.jpg" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- #
Systematic Literature Review **1. Identification:** -- - **475 records** (418 from databases, 51 from table of contents, 6 from snowball) - 70 duplicates removed -- **2. Screening:** -- - **405 records** screened by Title and Keywords - 224 records excluded -- - **181 records** screened by Abstract - 163 records excluded -- **3. Eligibility** -- - **18 full-text articles** accessed for eligibility - 2 full-text articles excluded --- class: inverse, center, middle #
<br><br> Findings --- #
Overview of Articles (n=16) <img src="img/articles.jpg" width="480px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- - **Publication Year:** 2 in 2011, 14 in 2017-2021 -- - **Research Methodology:** 11 qualitative, 3 quantitative, 2 mixed -- - **Country:** 10 US, 2 UK, 1 each from Australia, Canada, Finland, Hong Kong, and Sweden -- - **Type of Educators:** 11 higher ed faculty, 6 K-12 teachers, 1 pre-service teachers, 1 higher ed staff --- #
Intersections of Invisibility <img src="img/fig2-articles-intersections-plot.png" width="540px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- #
Examples of Invisibility *Administrative Intensity and Faculty Job Stress* **(Taggart, 2021)** <img src="img/fig3-articles-intersections-plot-taggart.png" width="320px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- - A study about the relationship between faculty members’ increased administrative responsibilities and job stress -- - These **administrative responsibilities** were invisible because they were **background labor**, overlooked because not part of the main responsibilities of research and teaching --- #
Examples of Invisibility *Invisible Labor, Visible Change: Non-Tenure-Track Faculty Agency in a Research University* **(Drake et al., 2019)** <img src="img/fig4-articles-intersections-plot-drake.png" width="320px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- - A study about how non-tenure-track faculty members perceive and operationalize their agency in a higher education research institution -- - The faculty members' **non-tenure-track status** meant **precarious labor** intersecting with background labor --- #
Examples of Invisibility *The Invisible Labor of Social Media Pedagogy: A Case Study of #TeamRhetoric Community-Building on Twitter* **(Vie, 2021)** <img src="img/fig5-articles-intersections-plot-vie.png" width="320px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- - A study about social media use in a graduate-level rhetoric and composition course -- - Having grad students use social media for class created invisible labor for academics outside the class to by asking them to comment, reply, and provide advice --- class: inverse, center, middle #
<br><br> Invisible Labor Reflection --- #
Invisible Labor Reflection <img src="img/fig2-articles-intersections-plot.png" width="240px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- - **Background Labor:** How might educators’ efforts be overlooked? -- - **Care Labor:** How might the emotional costs of educators’ efforts be dismissed or trivialized? -- - **Identity Labor:** How might some educators’ efforts be disproportionately burdensome? -- - **Precarious Labor:** How might educators’ efforts carry risk? -- - **Labor in a Non-Traditional Space:** How might educators’ efforts occur where they never have before? --- class: inverse, center, middle #
Significance --- #
Significance <img src="img/invisible.jpg" width="540px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ### Invisible Labor framework -- - **For practitioners:** Engage in self-reflection -- - **For education leaders:** Make the invisible visible -- - **For researchers:** Interrogate the literature --- class: inverse, center, middle #
<br><br> Questions **What would you like to know more about?** <hr> **Bret Staudt Willet** <br>
[bret.staudtwillet@fsu.edu](mailto:bret.staudtwillet@fsu.edu) |
[@bretsw](https://twitter.com/bretsw) <br>
[bretsw.com](https://bretsw.com) |
[GitHub](https://github.com/bretsw/) <br> **Dan He** <br>
[dhe@fsu.edu](mailto:dhe@fsu.edu) |
[@Dan__He](https://twitter.com/Dan__He)